Journal: Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine

Article Title: Increased TGFβ1 and SMAD3 Contribute to Age-Related Aortic Valve Calcification

doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.770065

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of lowering of TGFβ1 and SMAD3 on AV structure and proteoglycan (GAG) distribution in 10- to 12-week-old Kl –/– mice. (A–D) Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and (E–H) Alcian blue staining of wild-type, Kl – / – , Kl – / – ;Tgfb1 ± , and Kl – / – ;Smad3 ± mice showing aortic valve histology and proteoglycans distribution. A magnified view showing further details of the boxed region is presented for each image. (I–J) Quantitative analysis of AV area in H&E-stained (I) and proteoglycans content in alcian blue-stained (J) images. Quantification of AV area and GAG content was done on multiple serial sections from each animal per group by using NIH- Image J software. Values indicate mean ± SD ( n = 5). Scale bars = (A–H) 200 μm.

Article Snippet: All kits for detecting proteoglycans, collagens, and elastin fibers were purchased from the American MasterTech Scientific (Lodi, CA, United States).

Techniques: Staining, Software